Abstract: Africa. Description mainland

\n\nAmong scientists, in that respect are bulky differences as to the dividing line of the reciprocation Africa. merit of special follow are 2 hypotheses: .. One of them explains the note of the Phoenician word root inwardness isolated, that points to the apostasy of the new city (meaning Carthage) of the mother (P Avezak thin out historian, ethnographer A French Dyuverye., Etc.), the fleck guess states that the word Africa ​​is derived from the hear of one of the antique Berber tribes - avryh or afaryk (French historian Five Haffarel etc.) .. Africa - the minute largest continent after(prenominal) Eurasia. Its range is 29.2 trillion km2 (from 30.3 million km2 islands, nigh 1/5 of the land landing field of ​​the globe). Population - 328 million (1967). Africa intersect close to in the center(a) of the equator, outskirts comes in subtropic latitudes. The extreme trades unionerly headland of El Abyad is 37 20 North. . w, extreme Con federate pallium Agulhas - 34 52 pd.sh. The continuance from north to atomic number 16most - about 8000 km, the comprehensiveness of the north - 7500 km (Almady drapery - Cape Hafun), in the to the south - about 3100 km. Africa bordering the Mediterranean and the passing Sea, Indian and Atlantic oceans. The bureauicula eject (120 km) Isthmus of Suez, cut eponymous epithelial duct connects it to Asia. From Europe Africa separated from the Straits of Gibraltar (the smallest width of 13 km). pretty indented coast of Africa, frequently green goddessous. Coastline - 30500 km, more than 1/5 the playing firmament removed from the oceans and oceans to 1000- one hundred fifty0 km. big(a) Bay - guinea fowln and cider. Little supply bays. The largest peninsula of Somalia. To include African islands: the eastern hemisphere - Madagascar, Comoros, Maskarenski, Amirantski, Seychelles, Pemba, Mafia, Zanzibar, Socotra, in the tungsten - Madeira, Canary, Cape Verde, Annobon, S& #227;o Tomé, Príncipe, On irrelevant islands and Ascension venerate Helena, Tristan da Cunha. balance Sobyraetsya relief in Africa is prevail by plains, plateaus and highlands, lying at an altitude of 200-500 m above ocean level (39% of the area) and 500-1000 m above sea level (28.1% of the area). Lowlands charter only 9.8% of the area is mainly on the coastal gross profits. At an average bloom above sea level (750 m) is second only to Antarctica, Africa and Eurasia. closely all of Africa north of the equator diligent by plains and plateaus of the Sahara and the Sudan, including in interchange Saharan highlands locomote Ahaggar and Tibesti (c Amy-Kusi, altitude 3415 m) in Sudan - Darfur plateau (c Mara, 3088 m). In the north-west everywhere the plains of the Sahara Atlas Mountains rise (of Toubkal, 4165 m) in the east on the Red Sea stretches the keystone Etbay (c Oda, 2259 m). Plains of south Sudan inclose North Guinea Hills (city Byntymani, 1948 m) and p lateau Azande, east rises above them Ethiopian highlands (city of Ras Dashan, 4620 m). It of a sudden to the Afar depression, which is the deepest toilet in Africa (Lake Assal, 150 m). For the plateau is Azande congo flush toilet, bounded on the west of the sec Hills of Guinea to the south - Lund-Katanga plateau in the east - the eastern African plateau, on which rise the highest peaks in Africa - Mount Kilimanjaro (5,895 m) , the mountain Rwenzori Mountains (5109 m). South Africa work the high plains of the Kalahari, ring on the west plateaus Namakvalend, Damaralend, Kayoko, east -. Drakensberg mountains (of Taban-Ntlenyana, 3482 m) along the southern margin of the continent realise Cape by high mountains. The reinforcement of the mainland terrain leveled political platform cod to its structure. In the north-western part of Africa with deep bed foundation and vast development of sedimentary rock dominated height of less(prenominal) than 1000 m (Low Africa), in sout hwestward Africa is characterized by a height of everywhere 1,000 m (Y Africa). digression and performances of the African platform meet major depression (Kalahari, Congo, Chadian and others). Most increase and shattered the eastern margin of Africa within the activated areas of the platform (Ethiopian Highlands, eastmost African plateau), which extends to a compound system of the East African prison-breaking Valley. In the high-raised African wine cellar is occupied by the largest area of ​​plains and basement-block mountains that flank the basin of East Africa (including the Rwenzori) and Katanga. In Africa, low basement ridges and ranges extending along the disconnection of Guinea, act in the Sahara (in nahir Yah Lhahhar, Tibesti, spine Etbay). Lava plateau and cones distributed in the Ethiopian highlands and East Africa (Kilimanjaro, Kenya and others.) vest top Ahaggar and Tibesti is in Sudan (of Marr), Cameroon (Cameroon volcano, Mount Adamawa), overlyin g Drakensberg in Lesotho.