Diversity in American Education Before 1960 Essay Example for Free

Diversity in American Education Before 1960 EssayThe diversity in terms of the student population in American study before 1960 was more often than not dependent upon the issue of racial equality. The push for racial equality in the United States got a boost from the demands dictated on all facets of society during World War II. The mobilization effort relied on the black race to win the war and once it was over, there was no turning back. Furthermore, the ideals of freedom and equality, which were the backbone of the Allied war cry and the foundation for the anti-communist Western movement, did not sit well alongside Jim Crow laws and semipublic acts of racial discrimination. The Jim Crow System is also called requisition. It is a process in and through which Southerners whitethorn be said to legitimize their racial supremacy over the Blacks or Negroes. It is a system in and through which the central idea is diverseiation. The aforesaid(prenominal) differentiation is done on the basis of ethnicity or race. It is accordingly not difficult to see that such a system will encounter numerous criticisms callable to the implications that result from it. Differentiation entails the recognition that races are different and as such, it creates a political performting that separates races such as the Whites from the Blacks.In addition to this, it also separates and ultimately, limits or confines races such as the Blacks to a mixer sphere with corresponding social functions that are imposed on them. In line with this, this paper will focus on the manifestations and effects of racial segregation on the American public fosteringal system before 1960. It will do so since the end of racial segregation within the American public school system was largely determined by the effects of the Civil Rights movement as can be seen in the discussion of the arbitrary motor inn Cases on educational and racial equality before 1960.The following showcases will show the e ffects of racial inequality on the diversity of the population in the American public educational system prior to the aforementioned period. In 1954, the United States of Americas Supreme Court decided a catchment basin case concerning educational and racial equality. In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U. S. 483 (1954), the Courts judgement is grounded on the principle that the doctrine of separate only if equal this doctrine is referring to the segregation policy, more specifically, the segregation policy in the schools in the U.S. will not and cannot volunteer Black Americans with the same standards and quality of education available for White Americans. The court thus, outlawed the racial segregation of public education facilities for the aforementioned reason. On May 17, 1954 the rabbit warren Court handed cumulation a 9-0 decision which stated, in clear and certain terms, that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. Chief Justice Warren writes n owadays, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments.Compulsory school succeedance laws and the great expenditures for education both demonstrate our recognition of the importance of education to our democratic society. It is required in the performance of our most basic public responsibilities, even service in the armed forces. It is the very foundation of good citizenship. Today it is a principal instrument in awakening the child to cultural values, in preparing him for later professional training, and in helping him to ad in force(p) normally to his environment. In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education.Such an opportunity, where the state has on a lower floortaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms. (1954, np) Moreover, racial segregation, as the court sees it, is against the pronouncements of the Consti tution the segregation of students on the basis of race or ethnicity and the legalization of a segregated public school education through the enactment of certain statutes serving to legitimize the design and operation of schools that are exclusively for Whites or for Blacks, is clearly, not justified.The Supreme Courts ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka frame and is still considered as a turning point in the determination of racial diversity in the educational institutions within the United States. The second case involves an implication of the Brown Cases Brown Cases since there are Brown I, II and III cases.Due to the Supreme Courts verdict that segregation is unconstitutional and of course, due to the increasing rallies, boycotts and protests conducted by the advocates of the Civil Rights Movement, issues regarding busing as an appropriate means by which school administrators may comply with the then seemingly constitutional requirement of integrating. Swann v. C harlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U. S. 1 (1971) was an important United States Supreme Court case which deals with the busing of students to promote integration in the public school system.After the first running games decision in favor of the Board of Education, the Court held that busing was the appropriate solution to address the existing racial instability among schools at the time, even where the imbalance resulted from the selection of students based on geographic proximity to the school rather than from deliberate assignment based on race. Busing was done as in the cases of dickens Northern cities Boston and New York to ensure that schools would be properly integrated and that all students would receive equal educational opportunities regardless of their ethnicity or race Milliken vs. Bradley 418 U. S.717 (1974), just like the Swann n. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education case is also another case concerning busing. Specifically, the Milliken vs. Bradley ca se deals with the planned force busing of public school students across district lines among 53 school districts in Detroit. Hence, the case is also a consequence of the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka case. The Court held that with no showing of significant misdemeanour by the 53 outlying school districts and no evidence of any interdistrict violation or effect, the district courts remedy was exclusively impermissible and not justified by Brown v.Board of Education (Milliken vs. Bradley 418 U. S. 717, 1974, np). The following statement by Friedman echoes the ramifications of the Milliken v. Bradley case The world was made safe for pureness flight. White suburbs were secure in their grassy enclaves. Official, legal segregation indeed was dead but what replaced it was a deeper, more profound segregation Tens of thousands of black children attend schools that are all black, schools where they never see a white face and they live massed in ghettos which are also entirely bla ck. (Friedman, 2004, p. 296)Another case set during 1974 shows the conditions of diversity in the American public school system prior to 1960. Morgan v. Hennigan is a class action suit on behalf of fifteen Black parents and 43 children which found the Boston School Committee guilty of maintaining a dual, that is, segregated school system. In a court order issued by Garrity, imposed or forced busing will be done on the city of Boston in order to achieve racial balance in public schools. The aforementioned court order was based on a complex system of racial parity and ignored previous busing solutions.The Boston School Committee, according to the ruling of the court, through various means and capacities violated the constitutional rights of the plaintiffs by imposing segregation in terms assigning students to other areas, segregating residential patterns, transportation and trend system policies, to name a few. The School Committee thus, violated the Fourteenth Amendment of the Const itution because instead of ensuring that Black children be given equal protection under the law, the segregation policies instead placed the Black children in an unfair disadvantage.The proper course of action that schools should take according to the court is to enact policies that will refuse racial discrimination and not its converse. We will now discuss Boston Busing in the light of Ronald Formisanos Boston Against Busing Race, Class, and Ethnicity in the 1960s and 1970s. Formisanos end regarding busing was that it is a failure. The main aims of desegregation are supposedly, educational equality and racial equality. Both aims however, were never achieved.The desegregation and affirmative action policies were results of the Civil Rights Movement and the Supreme Court rulings on the cases discussed earlier. History reveals that the expedited implementation of these policies was not beneficial to the American society since it involves an overhaul of large areas of American civil society and political culture. This construal may be strengthened by the White Backlash Movements in Boston. Formisano sees the White Backlash as in the case of Boston as a reaction to the implemented forced busing.He further defines the Whites reaction as a reactionary populism involving the middle, working class moved by a sense of panic regarding the policies implemented during the time and the escalating number of White v. Black incidents in the community and schools. It is also interesting to note that the White Backlash, like the Civil Rights Movement of the Blacks lacked a unified reaction and stand on the issue. Whites responded differently, so to speak, on the issue of forced busing. Formisanos analysis that the White Backlash is moved by a sense of threat is indeed a plausible idea.Other Whites actually support the anti-racial discrimination campaigns but the expedited implementation of desegregation, forced busing and affirmative action jeopardize their sense of securit y and their sense of community. In other words, it went too far. Given the aforementioned cases, diversity in American public education before 1960 was largely determined by racial stratification. This however was largely affected by the Civil Rights movement since the movement questioned the main assumption regarding the treatment of individuals with different racial backgrounds.ReferencesBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U. S. 483 (1954). Friedman, L. (2002). American Law in the Twentieth Century. New Haven Yale University Press. Formisano, R. (2004). Boston Against Busing Race, Class, and Ethnicity in the 1960s and 1970s. Carolina University of Carolina Press. Milliken vs. Bradley 418 U. S. 717 (1974). Morgan v. Hennigan, 379 F. Supp. 410 (1974). Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, 402 U. S. 1 (1971). Warren in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U. S. 483 (1954).

A Global Language Essay Example for Free

A Global Language EssayAs a Untied States citizen, incline is the first language of any American citizen. If we add another foregin language to the criteria of our nation, The United States would not be a mixed variety of race anymore. The Ethnicity would be the same, but our race would be different. For example, The United States of America has been a diverse country with legion(predicate) another(prenominal) races such as, American, African American, Hispanic, Chinese, etc. As the generation ages, the country should be open to learning a new languages. When a language acquires a global identity as slope has d atomic number 53, many unexpected things can happen. The two main conflicting issues that have come out as a problem are identity and internationalism. Internationalism here means the ability for a language to be understood. It calls for a standard that is agreed in terms of grammar, vocabulary, spelling, punctuations and the conventions of its use. There is no doubt whatsoever near English being a global language in these times we are leaving in.It has become the language of communication and technology and any one who does not want to be left behind in all this has no option but to learn it and eventually English speakers in the access years allow for increase extremely. This in itself will disadvantage the native English speakers as they will be outnumbered by the non-native English speakers. They will be the only ones speaking one language as they will see no reason in learning a second language. With time the English language will be controlled be the many non-native speakers who will have become competent in it.The language will then diversify into many versions that will then bring about a lesser understanding than it was initially intended. Communication is the most phenomenal factor in the live of military man beings and this has been greatly advanced by the existence of global language. This is language that is used beyond the bor ders of a single country and this has created understandings among the countries. A global language is sometimes known as lingua franca and includes French, English, Latin, and German among others.Having such a language is sometimes beneficial and may also be detrimental to those who are use it. This discussion will explore the instances where English as a global language is overridden by disadvantages. It is important to note that most of large number use English as their second language besides their native language. People whose English as their mother-tongue language have an advantage over the other group of people since they easily develop the ability to manipulate the language.This will however be disadvantageous to the other speakers who have English as their second language and will have many problems and waste most of their time trying to master the language. Dominance of English as a language also creates the notion in the minds of many people that their native language is not important and unnecessary. This will create a room of discrimination of the minor groups in the society and further enhance it because language in most cases is used as an identity. This may make the threatened individuals to abandon their language thus enhancing extinction.

Forensic Analysis Of A Playstation 3 Console Information Technology Essay

Forensic Analysis Of A Playstation 3 Console Information Technology turn outresearching totally the culture that is addressable to me about the playstation 3 caper agreement, from what the solace connects to, the file structure of the sternly plough, what features the frame has e.g. internet, chat, email, online gaming. The deliverable that allow be devote at the peculiarity of this would be flesh out research about the gaming trunk with everything that is wished to know to progress with the project.2.2 Analysis the objective that I gull for my analysis is to perform all the tasks that I have talked about (playing online punts etc) thus after(prenominal) each of these stages leave alone hence make an propose of the fleshy harrow of the system and look at the image in FTK to take if any changes have been made to the disk after the task has been completed. To illustrate an example of this would be to start a chat message with someone, then turn off the syst em remove the hard disk, image the hard disk, then load the image into FTK and look to see if any traces of the chat argon present on the hard disk (date/time stamps). When writing up the findings of the investigation a create verbally document will be presented with all the processes went through, what tools used. The deliverable that I expect to have at the end of this objective would be disk images of the various tasks with a detailed report of my findings and a document showing all processes and tools used, and in any case a set of guidelines of how I arrange the evidence on the system. If no evidence nooky be lay down on the HDD of the console then sweet(prenominal) areas of analysis will have to be explored from exploitation oppo spot tools such as scalpel and photorec and also using different types of hardware like Bus Doctor.2.3 Evaluation the objective for the evaluation is to forensically wipe the hard disk to the Playstation 3 system that was used, then natural endowment this along with my guidelines and tasks completed to an opposite person. The some some other person will go ahead and complete the series of tasks that were previously performed on the system, follow the guidelines and see if the they ignore find the same evidence as previously found, if the person chamberpot find the evidence that is in my guidelines then this proves that the guidelines created are correct. The deliverable at the end of this objective would be the test data of the other person which will then be written up, to show whether my guidelines are correct/incorrect.3. Why gaming systems are an issue.In the recent years games systems have evolved immensely allowing the gamer to experience more realistic graphics and sound quality. This is because the systems have been updated to such a high-pitched standard some of what like a standalone computer, giving the user a lot more gigabyte/terabyte storage space, because of this the user has more way of life to s tore data on the disk whether it be images, videos or music. In relation to this the old Ps3 systems that were origin released had the plectrum to add another OS ( run system) on the hard drive so you could have Linux running on the system this means that the system drive out be used as a frequent machine, Sony have no disabled this feature on the most current firmware of the console. A intelligence report that was found on the ABC news website (http//abcnews.go.com/technology/story?id=7009977page=1) describes of how a user used his Playstation 3 system to get a young girl aged 11 to send quaggy pictures of herself from her Playstation to his. It also says how the criminal threw his computer out as he didnt need it anymore. Using this example that has been found shows how criminals are adapting to the new technology and using it to their proceeds to commit crimes. The growth of these gaming consoles means that they are more like a standalone computer coming standard with mass ive hard drives and encryption on the disks meaning that as forensics examiners it makes it harder to retrieve data from some of these thingummys and takes longer for the imaging process to complete.In regard to a forensic examiner the game systems are a big problem because the development of the consoles have evolved over the years and now contain multiple CPUs and graphics cards, and with the onboard storage that the same of a backcloth computer users are able to save their pictures, music and video to these devices. Also using the features of the console from down cargo and install the most current firmware and streaming media from a different network location. With the Playstation 3 you create a user/s for use with machine, so when the system is turn on it asks which user you would like to quality in as.With relation to the Xbox 360 console where hacking communities have found loopholes which allow the Xbox console to run unsigned code which means that the Linux OS can be shudder up onto the machine allowing this console to be used just like a desktop PC. If Linux can be kick up onto the machine then this means it could be used for illegal usage example (file storage), although the first release of the Playstation 3 allowed this feature Sony have now stopped the boot of Linux and other Operating systems on its machines, but if a hack or loophole was found in their pledge then this would mean that this system could be used for poisonous ways just like and Xbox or standalone PC. A post from January 26th, 2010 explains how hacker George Hotz has hacked the PS3 he revealed on his blog that he has achieved read/write access to the whole system memory and HV level access to the processor. If this is true then this means that the playstation can be used to run unsigned code and other operating systems can be loaded onto the device, meaning that full desktop usage can be applied storing all kinds of information on the system. Also the time out that was leaked online was able to fool the system into thinking that a game was existence played from a Blu-ray disc, but it was actually playing from the HDD, this could only be the start, people are making small but beneficial steps into fully hacking the Playstation 3 console.4. Research4.1 About the Playstation 3 The project that will be created will be about the analysis of the hard disk drive of a Playstation 3 console which is the most up to date console alongside the Xbox 360 and the Nintendo Wii. The Sony Playstation which is the close step in the gaming world provides the gamer with a new console to experience the most up to date graphics and high definition games and movies with the economic aid of the consoles Blu ray drive. Since the console release in November 2006 the unit has sold over 38.1 million worldwide according to (http//www.eurogamer.net/articles/ps3-has-sold-38-1m-units-worldwide). Since the release of the console there have been umteen different models of the system from USB ports, Flash card readers and hard drive support, this means that the system and its components are always changing.All the games and movies that the console play are in the format of Blu ray this mean that the content that you are playing or watching are in the high definition format giving a more crystal clear picture and sound.4.2 Online gaming.DSCI0056.JPGFIGURE 1 Picture of Playstation Store menu.The Playstaion 3 system offers the use of the internet whether it is a pumped-up(a) or wireless connection, because of this it is giving the user full access to the World Wide Web meaning they can access all the information that they would access on a standalone computer from social networking sites, videos, pictures etc. While playing games on the console you have the option on many games to play online this gives the user the competency to play the game of choice with other users of the game all over the world. To be able to do this you need to have a multiplayer capable of online game play, you must also have a Playstation network account which will give you access to other users and also need the Playstation to be connected to the wired/wireless internet. You can also create a Playstation network account where users are able to play online games with any person/s all over the world, they can add buddies and stay in close contact with the people they meet online either by email or chat. Because of the email and chat facilities available on the console it is just like a social networking site where people are able to exchange information with each other and realistic pictures and other bits of material that can be deemed as illegal or offensive. The console also comes with full internet access via the browser the user can access any website that he/she wishes from the console and even downloading images, videos to the consoles hard disk drive.4.3 The Hard disk.The hard disk in the Playstation 3 can come in various sizes from 40gb all the wa y up to a massive 320gb (factory), but there is an option to easily remove and replace the hard disk of the system, this can be make by purchasing a 2.5 5400rpm SATA hard drive which is the same hard disk used in laptop computers. To replace the hard drive of the system photocopies of the instruction manual are below.img013.jpgimg014.jpgimg015.jpgAfter these steps have been completed you then have a new HDD in your system whether it is a higher or lower capacity. Because the hard disk of the console is the same as the ones that they store in laptop computers the capacity of these disks can be great allowing a great deal of information such as images, videos or music to be stored on the disk to view with the console. A website was found (http//dcemu.co.uk/psgroove- payload-released-that-decrypts-firmware-files-by-graf_chokolo-346424.html) Where Graf_Chokolo has released a version of PSGroove payload, this allows the developers to see full details of the PS3 system firmware complete with decrypted contents. Graf_Chokolo goes onto to explain how to put the source code onto the system, he goes onto explain that my payload has two stages. The 1st stage is actually a PSGroove payload, which initializes the gelic device and al falls memory needed for the 2nd stage. Compile the 1st stage double star, convert it to C bane array and replace the PSGroove payload. (Appendix 16)Graf_Chokolo goes on to explain the second stage, this stage decrypts the CORE_OS_PACKAGE.pkg from a PUP file, it then runs some isolated SPU module or dumps FLASH, the binary of the file is then sent over the Ethernet with sendfile. The 1st stage receives the data and then stores it in a memory region of size 64kb, after the transfer is complete, the 1st stage code jumps to the 2nd stage code and executes it. (Appendix 16)Another piece of information from this website is to be able to decrypt packages from a PUP file, first you need to extract a revoke list for the packages from PUP file 3.41 e. g. (RL_FOR_PACKAGE.pkg), then extract it convert it to C hex array and paste it into rvk_pkg_341.c. (Appendix 16)4.4 Playstation 3 system updatesWith the use of the internet in the Playstation there is an option to keep the software package of the system up to date this will provide you with the latest security updates, parental controls and the display options. By updating to the latest update you will enhance what the console is capable of.If you would like to find out the current software that your system is currently running you go to the settings category and then from there select system settings then system information within this the current system software will be displayed.You can update the current software of the system in a number of ways this is shown by the following methods. corpse update if the ps3 is connected to the internet got to settings then system update then click update via the internet the console will then check to see if there is an update available fo r the console if there is an update available it will download and install the update for you.There is also another option to update via the pc this is done by visiting the website eu.playstation.com you then follow the on screen instructions to download to the pc. After the download has finished you will then need to save the update to a ps3 compatible device either a memory stick/duo, USB drive or even a PSP console. Before putting the update into the system you will have to create a folder called PS3 then a folder called UPDATE once it has then been connected to the system you then navigate to system update then update via storage media.By allowing or accepting the system update new security can be put in place on the system, because Sony regularly release new firmware updates for the console the security of the device is forever being updated.4.5 SpecificationsBelow are the specifications of the Playstation console.CPUCell Broadband EngineGPURSXAudio OutputLPCM 7.1ch, Dolby Di gital, Dolby Digital Plus, Dolby True HD, DTS, DTS-HD, AACMemory256MB XDR Main RAM,256MB GDDR3 VRAMHard disk 2.5 serial ATA320GBInputs/OutputsHi-speed USB, USB 2.0NetworkingEthernet (10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX, 100BASE-T) x 1IEEE 802.11 b/gBluetooth 2.0 (EDR)ControllerWireless controller BluetoothResolution1080p, 1080i, 720p, 576p, 576iHDMI OUT connecter1AV MILTI OUT connector1DIGITAL OUT connector1BD/DVD/CD drive Read rateBD x 2 (BD-ROM)DVD x 8 (DVD-ROM)CD x 24 (CD-ROM)PowerAC 200 -240 v, 50 / 60 HHHHzPower consumptionApprox 230wExternal DimensionsApprox 290 x 65 x 290mm jalopyApprox 3.0kgOperating temperature5 35 degreesThe Playstation 3 Console also includes RSA BSAFE Cryptographic software from RSA security Inc.RSA BSAFE software provides the security functionality necessary to allow developers to meet the pixilated FIPS 140 and Suite Requirements for offering products to the U.S. government agencies. (Appendix 18)Many leading companies including Adobe, Oracle, Hypercom, Skyworks, Sony and Nintendo rely on RSA BSAFE software to provide the foundational security functionality by their respective software and device applications. (Appendix 18)RSA security protects the integrity and confidentiality of information throughout his lifecycle, RSA offers industry leading solutions in identity assurance and access control, encryption key management, compliance and security information management and fraud protection. (Appendix 18)http//www.rsa.com/node.aspx?id=12044.6 File SharingThe Playstation 3 console also allows the ability for you to share files via the console and your desktop computer, to be able to do this you need to make sure that both your computer and console are connected to the same network. If you would like to stream all the media from your windows media player like music, videos and pictures. You can do this by going into tools and options of windows media player and selecting library, then configure sharing you then check the box that says share my media to and your Playstation 3 will be in the list. In the settings tab of this you can then select which media that you wish to share music, pictures, video you then click ok. If you then turn on the console you will then see thumbnails of the compatible media that can be played on the system.http//www.wirelesshdadapter.com/wp-content/uploads/Media%20Server%20Ps3%20Software_2.jpg (Appendix 17)4.7 previous workWhile completing research to find out if any other analysis of the Playstation console was carried out a wall paper was found published by the University of Central Florida where they conducted a Forensic Analysis of a Sony Playstation 3 Console, where they conducted a number of tests on the machine to see if any of the data could be extracted from the console. The tests that they completed where the followingAn encryption test this test was to determine if it was possible to locate a picture once it had been copied to the console. The steps they took in completing this we re to retroflex a image to a removable media, then plug this into the console and copy the image to the hard drive of the system, shut the console down and the image the hard drive. The next stage was to analyse the hard drive in FTK using its use of a data carving feature to see if the picture could be mangled out of the image, although stated that FTK was unsuccessful in identifying files and folders on the sectionalization (Appendix 6), even though only one tool was used while completing this task if other tools were used then maybe a different outcome would be found the tools that could be used alongside FTK to find the image could be scalpel or Photorec which are both data carving tools.The paper also talks about a write blocker test, where the hard drive was placed behind a write blocker to begin with connecting the hard disk to the console, the consoles hard disk was then removed then placed behind a write blocker, then out of use(p) into the console, the console was the n sour on and they found that the console would personnel up but not boot up, by replacing the write blocker with a bridge the console was to power and boot up as normal. (Appendix 6) The test result then explains that the console must be able to write to the hard drive before it will boot up, though it also shows that the hard drive does not have to be directly connected to the console (Appendix 6) regarding the result of this test a write blocker cannot be placed between the hard drive and the console or the console will not boot up.Although many other tests were performed on the console all the test results were inconclusive or negative form this paper, they concluded in the end that Sony has successfully locked-down the PS3By using other tools that are an alternative to FTK, these tools might be able to identify something that FTK is unable to do thus providing more information to data on the HDD of the console.Another paper called Xbox 360 A digital forensic investigation of the hard disk drive (Appendix 4) was written with details and findings of the hard disk drive of the Xbox 360, where a USB drive was plugged into the machine and using Bus Doctor to analyse what was being written between the Xbox console are the hard disk drive. And states that it is seamless and not as intrusive as mod chipping or installing other operating systems (Appendix 4). This method could be applied to the Playstation 3 console to see what is being written between the console and the hard disk drive of the Sony console.4.8 Playstation 3 security computer architectureA pdf file was found that detailed the security architecture of the Playstation console, http//www.ps3news.com/PS3-Dev/playstation-3-security-architecture-pdf-released/ , the paper details that the system controller for the console if CXD2973GB and this is the hardware that is responsible for powering up the CBEA processor and it is directly connected via BIO/IF hardware bus. The console also contains a secure b oot the secure boot of the CBEA includes random selected SPE in order to avoid sniffing per boot, a fake encryption/decryption state in all other SPE during secure boot to add fake sequence, a root key which is used to then decrypt the key vault and or the boot code (Appendix 15).The key vault of the Playstation 3 is an encrypted file containing all the keys to trust devices and processes, hard disk AES keys (Appendix 15).5. SummaryThe research that has taken place shows all the relevant information about the Playstation 3 console, explaining what the machine allows you to do and how to update the firmware of the system. Although the system seems to be very secure, the images taken will be analysed to see if any relevant data can be taken from the disk these will be the objectives previously proposed, failing finding anything on the images of the HDD the console will be connected up to Bus Doctor a protocol analyser to see what is happening when the system is booted up and what data can be captured. Although a paper has been written on the analysis of the Playstation 3 console (appendix 6) new hardware and software have come to market since the paper was written in 2009, the PS3 Jailbreak has made its way by being able to run unsigned code on the console and giving the user power to copy games to the hard drive of the console.6. Future Work/Where nextAfter and image of the Playstation HDD was taken, it was then loaded into FTK forensic toolkit where the contents of the disk was looked at. After loading it into the software immediately it could be noticed that the hard disk was encrypted, searches were completed to see if any string of text and data carved items could be found on the disk the result was negative.More images of the hard disk will be taken when performing tasks then loaded into the FTK toolkit program if no draw of text can be found another approach will have to take place, the use of other programs that are available Scalpel and Photorec can be used to identify any interesting information on the HDD of the console. Another approach would be to try and capture what is going on with the system when it is booted up because the encryption must be deactivated when the system is booted up to allow the system access to the hard disk.The other data carving tools that could be used in combination with FTK will be scalpel and photorec. Scalpel which reads the database of the header and the footer definitions and extracts matching files from a set of image files or raw device. Scalpel will carve files from FATx, NTFS, ext2/3 or raw partitions. (Appendix 12)Photorec which is a data recovery tool to recover lost files on hard disks and other media, Photorec ignores the file system of the media and goes after the underlying data, so the software will still work if the medias file system has been severely damaged or reformatted.(Appendix 13).Bus Doctor which allows to capture what is being called/written to the hard disk when the consol e has been turned on this can provide good information to find out what is happening when the console is turned on.during the research a website was found that describes how the psjailbreak now supports 3.42 and 3.50, which allows the user to run unapproved content on the system (pirated games), and also allows for the running of the Linux OS on the system. They sister site of this company (www.psdowngrade.com) allows the downgrading of the firmware of the system, if the psjailbreak is applied to the console maybe the decryption key can be found and then lead to the decryption of the HDD of the system. This could be done by plugging in the psjailbreak and finding out what calls it makes to the system and possibly the decryption can be found from this method. Another method would be to connect the Playstation system up to a protocol analyser (busdoctor) this will capture what data is written when the system is booted up.

Improving ADLs for Brain Function and Helping Psychosis

Improving ADLs for Brain Function and Helping PsychosisPsychosis is defined as an impairment of brain function which is ca put ond by chemical disruptions cod to biological, environmental and sociological factors (Morrison-Valfre, 2005, p.324). The Department of Health (2010) highlighted that long-sufferings with psychosis may experience disconnectedness to the world which may affect the life of case-by-cases in per chassis the activities of daily living (ADL) and their families. It is essential to understand the impact of psychosis on the individuals and in the society as whole (Department of Health, 2010, p.2-3). The understanding may help to explain psychosis associated issues by helping to diminishing the rates of depression and suicide among the individuals, thus reducing the impact of mortality and morbidity and associated economic cost (Department of Health, 2010, p.4-5). This essay will analyze the deficit in ADL that may occur in a client experiencing psychosis as a par t of schizophrenia (Twamley, Doshi, Nayak, Palmer, Golshan, Heaton, Patterson Jeste, 2002, p.2013 Semkovska, Bdard, Godbout, Limoge Stip, 2004, p.289). This will be do by focussing on the development of psychotic symptoms by analysing positive and negative symptoms of psychosis, the deficits in ADL and the effect on the patients followed by discussing appropriate nursing interventions for both(prenominal) the individual and their family.Psychosis is considered to be a mental state that may have a negative impact of the interpretation of reality by the affected individual by altering their process of thinking, their behaviour pattern and their state of emotion and beliefs (Hicks, 2005, p.268-269 Morrison-Valfre, 2005, p.325). The studies highlight that psychosis related symptoms may be identified as a adept event which may last from one to six months in a persons life (Mental Illness Fellowship Victoria MIFV, 2011 Hicks, 2005, p.272). However, if the symptoms relapse this may p ut out to perseveration of psychosis in the long term which may result in disease such as schizophrenia (MIFV, 2011 Elder et al., 2013, p.270 Young, 2014, p.20 Hicks, 2005, p.271). The course of psychotic symptoms is highly probable to be triggered in vulnerable population due to their susceptibility to adjudicate as a consequence of which may lead to the development of schizophrenia (Neuchterlein, Dawson, Ventura, Gitlin, Subotnik, Snyder, Mintz Bartzokis, 1994, p.58 Hicks, 2005, p.270, 272). Studies make that there may be both negative and positive symptoms experienced by patients with psychosis (Fortinash Holoday-Worret, 2004, p.457 MIFV, 2011 Young, 2014, p.20).MIFV (2011) reported that the positive psychotic symptoms ar regarded as abnormal spendthrift functions of individuals everyday life. A number of these symptoms explain an individuals frightening experience that may be misinterpreted by the surrounding people (Hicks, 2005, p.268-270 MIFV, 2011 Fortinash Holoday- Worret, 2004, p.457). Firstly, hallucinations that is associated with dysfunction of those parts of the brain that are responsible for the five senses, namely hearing, vision, taste, smell and touch which may impact on the individuals perceptions (Elder et al., 2013, p.195 Hicks, 2005, p.268-269). These feelings are viewed as false perceptions owing to the fact that the patients with psychosis are capable of experiencing and acknowledging them as real ones (MIFV, 2011 Elder et al., 2013, p.195) Secondly, delusions that are regarded as firmly fixed false beliefs which actor that the patients with psychosis may hold beliefs in relation to being observed and therefore may behave suspiciously towards the others (Hicks, 2005, p.268-269, Elder et al., 2013, p.195). In this case it becomes impossible to hold them to adopt opposing viewpoint by providing logical explanation with regards to their beliefs (Hicks, 2005, p.269, 275 Elder et al., 2013, p.195). Thirdly, confused processes of th inking that may result in the disruption and disorganisation of form of thoughts and its content (Hicks, 2005, p.269, 272 Elder et al., 2013, p.194 MIFV, 2011). Examples of this may include the increased or decreased speed of the persons speech, an interruption in the continuity of thoughts and repetition and incompetent production of the thoughts all of which result in difficulty with understanding the person (Elder et al., 2013, p.194 MIFV, 2011 Hicks, 2005, p.269). Moreover, the patient with psychosis may experience issues with regards to diminishing concentration, memorising things and therefore being unable to lead the conversation (Elder et al., 2013, p.194-195 Hicks, 2005, p.275 Hultsj, Berter, Arvidsson Hielm, 2011, p.174). Furthermore, the patient with psychosis may not understand their own symptoms due to inadequate awareness of themselves (Hicks, 2005, p.276 MIFV, 2011).However, negative symptoms related to psychosis are mostly associated with a reduce function of the patient (MIFV, 2011). These reduced functions may have been caused by positive symptoms that may affect their performance of ADLs (MIFV, 2011 Codbout, Limoges, Allard, Braun Stip, 2007, p.294).There have been a number of studies which discuss ADLs from a viewpoint of understanding and evaluating psychosis related issues (Codbout et al., 2007, p.294 Semkovska et al., 2004, p.289, 297 Twamley et al., 2002, p.2013). Those issues were mainly focused on analysing the impact of psychosis symptoms on the individuals memory function and thinking processes, unitedly with evaluating concentration on tasks while performing ADLs (Semkovska et al., 2004, p.289 Twamley et al., 2002, p.2019 Codbout et al., 2007, p.293, 295). The studies demonstrated that the patients with psychosis experienced difficulty when performing their everyday tasks such as selecting a menu, purchasing the menu ingredients and preparing the repast (Semkovska et al., 2004, p.292). It was observed that frequently errors we re made where a logical sequence of tasks was required (Semkovska et al., 2004, p.293, 295 Morrison-Valfre, 2005, p.325). For instance, this can be seen where patients list ingredients in the shopping list without considering the menu beforehand, or when shopping for menu ingredients do not realise that there were some products missing from the shopping list (Semkovska et al., 2004, p.293-293). In addition, the studies highlighted that there were omissions made during the menu pickax which may demonstrate inadequate use of selective strategies and problem solving skills along with poor tending while performing tasks (Semkovska et al., 2004, p.290, 295-296). Moreover, it was observed that there was a challenge for patients with psychosis during meal preparation time in which they were unable to prioritise the steps of cooking and were repetitive in their actions and therefore could not manage to manage their task on time (Semkovska et al., 2004, p.293, 298). This may have occurred due to their incapability to process the information because their thoughts were being disorganised and the patients themselves could be readily distracted (Morrison-Valfre, 2005, p.325). It is excessively observed that the patents with psychosis may have experienced concentration related problems that prevented the completion other tasks (Semkovska et al., 2004, p.298). Furthermore, there were other activities for the patients to perform such as communication via telephone, organising outings and use of transportation and dealing with finances all of which revealed that there were issues associated with the ability to concentrate (Twamley et al., 2002, p.2015, 2018-2019). They also demonstrated verbal communication issues and reduced ability to pay attention (Morrison-Valfre, 2005, p.325 Twamley et al., 2002, p.2015). It is worthy noticing that patients with positive related symptoms were less troubled with dealing with ADLs than those with negative related symptoms patient (Codb out et al., 2007, p.294). Nevertheless, it is highlighted that if cognitive deficits and associated symptoms were reduced then the deficits of ADLs may by ameliorate (Twamley et al., 2002, p.2019).A number of interventions have been mentioned for the purpose of minimising risk of the relapse of psychosis related symptoms (Elder et al., 2013, p.273). In MIFV (2011) strategies of interventions are discussed which show the importance of rapport establishing with the patient experiencing psychosis. It is also polar to ensure the safety of the person by assessing a patients thoughts on the subject of self-harm and whether they plan suicide and in this case implement a risk assessment (MIFV, 2011 Elder et al., 2013, p.203-204). While applying therapeutic communication skills the nurse must be aware of self-behaviour by being calm and use spoken communication that may assist in reducing the patients level of anxiety (Elder et al., 2013, p.189, 454 MIFV, 2011). When the patients thoughts are confused the nurse should be patient by address slow and clearly to the patents (MIFV, 2011). By providing interventions with relation to ADLs the assessment of the patient is required prior to their task performance (Elder et al., 2013, p.273). Where the patient has a fear of being poisoned, the patient may be permitted to cook for themselves with the assistance in following the instructions (Elder et al., 2013, p.273). Cognitive behavioural therapy is highly effective when provided it to the patient as it assists their understanding active current events by emphasising their strengths (Elder et al., 2013, p.272). Some distraction techniques may be used such as walking particularly when the patient has distortion of thoughts (Elder et al., 2013, p.273 MIFV, 2011). Listening to music, as well as meditation, is considered to be effective due to reduction of psychosis associated symptoms (Silverman, 2003, p.37-38 Shonin, Gordon Griffiths, 2014, p.124). The patient is required to use the antipsychotic medication (Elder et al., 2013, p.272). The intervention for the family includes providing support service, counselling and providing stress copying programs (MIFV, 2011).In conclusion, it has been highlighted that the psychosis related symptoms have an influence on the life of both patient and family. Whilst there is a challenge for the patients in performing their ADLs due to impairment of brain function, there are some strategies in improving their ADLs. Moreover, the interventions that are provided for the patients and their family may assist in copying with the psychosis.

Recruitment and Selection Process

Recruitment and Selection ProcessIntroduction Employees atomic number 18 one of the roughly important picks of any business, and so it is important for organisations to have a thorough producement and survival of the fittest branch. This is to checker that the best possible idlerdidate is recruited to the post. There be many different aspects to deal out during the recruitment and selection process, and this essay considers the issues that an organisation should consider as they search for evokedidates to recruit. The responsibility for recruitment and selection lies predominantly with a Human Resources (HR) department (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014, p.248), although in many organisations it is common for functional department heads to be involved in the process to ensure that practiced considerations are assessed during recruitment and selection. Organisations excessively face the stopping point as to whether it is favorite(a) to recruit intern all(a)(prenominal)y or externally, and on that point are advantages and disadvantages to both approaches. There are similarly legal considerations associated with recruitment and selection which it is dogmatic form that an organisation adheres to (Aylott, 2014 p.11). Accordingly, this essay presents a logical perspicacity of best practice in recruitment and selection on a life-cycle basis, beginning with assembly line skills depth psychology and concluding with the final selection process. Best Practice in Recruitment and Selection Torrington et al., (2011, p.157) explain that the premiere steps in recruitment should be hard-nosed and straightforward. It is important for the HR department to neck how many people they indispensableness to recruit, and the skills and capabilities that they must possess. The easiest way to address this problem is to conduct a theorize skills analysis, conservatively considering the content and requirement of occupation functions including an assessment of technic al skills and also intangible or softer skills such as communication, innovation or sales ability. Ideally theorise skills analysis should be incorporated with a strategic assessment of HR requirements so that the organisation raise be confident that they have the necessary skills contained inside the forgiving capital of the business to achieve long-term organisational objectives (Rivera, 2012b, p.75). Lievens and Sackett (2012, p.463) also recommend a origin skills matrix to assess the future capableness capability of job functions and to link this to future employee development opportunities. This is a matrix which lists the skills of employees against the skills the organisation requires or would like in the long term. Having assessed the functions of job roles it is then necessary to create a job description and also a person specification. These are two distinct documents although they are often prepared together (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014, p.250). The job description d escribes the technical functionality of the role, being as precise and detailed as possible. The person specification addresses the intangible aspects of job functionality to ensure that any potential recruit will flout comfortably within the organisation and has the skills and attri besideses which the organisation requires. Wilton (2013, p.158) emphasises that it is important for there to be a good fit between an employee and the organisation, so that the employee feels comfortable in their job role and performs to the best of their ability. Once the job description and person specification have been developed it is then possible to advertise the job role as the first stage in actual recruitment. At this point the organisation must decide whether they should recruit internally or externally. Phillips and Gully, (2009, p.18) explain that internal recruitment can be beneficial for a number of reasons. These let in offering current employees opportunities for promotion or personal development, which is proven to motivate employees by demonstrating that there is an opportunity for career progression. Also, recruiting internally can be considered as a lower risk beca recitation the organisation is already familiar with the skills and capabilities of the employee. From a pragmatic prospect internal recruitment is also more(prenominal) cost-effective and quicker, so it is easier to fill the job role with less risk to the business. However, disadvantages to internal recruitment can include resentment on the part of employees who are non selected for the role (Phillips and Gully, 2009, p.20). Also, it may be the case that the organisation is looking for specific skills in order to go ballistic the business, and no employees already in the firm have this necessary experience or skill. In these instances it is therefore necessary to recruit externally. External recruitment can be more challenging. In the first instance it is necessary to determine whether the organisation will economic consumption in-house procedures for external recruitment, or resourcely make use of external sources such as recruitment agencies or headhunters (CIPD, 2013, p.1). This finality is often based on a combination of financial considerations and organisational discretion. For example, if an organisation needs to recruit a large number of relatively junior roles then a recruitment agency may be the most appropriate approach. Recruitment agencies are in all likelihood to have a large number of potential panoramas on their books, and they can undertake very much of the necessary background checks and initial skills assessments. This can be a naughtyly resource intensive process which organisations may not be able to manage effectively, hence paying recruitment agencies becomes preferable. Rivera (2012a, p.1000) notes that over meter organisations can often establish relationships with preferred recruitment agencies so that the recruitment agencies become familiar with the job descriptions and person specifications, and this accelerates the process. Increasingly, organisations are also making use of online recruitment opportunities, and this is another way of reaching a wide group of potential views in a cost-effective manner (Girard and Fallery, cited in Boudarouk and Ruel, 2009, p.39). Alternatively, if it is a peculiarly high profile or specialist role organisations may give care to make use of headhunters. These are considerably more costly and can be appropriate if the role is aged(a) or it is a new role which requires a particular skill set apart. Rivera (2012a, p.1001) explains that headhunters are more comm merely apply when there is a long lead measure for more senior appointees and it is more important that they are a good cultural fit for the business. Furthermore, the more senior the role, the greater the potential risk to the business in damage of financial expenditure. Therefore it can be preferable to use exte rnal sources to set the most appropriate candidates. As noted previously there are also legal considerations as part of the recruitment process. These commence with the advertising of the job role, which under UK and EU legislation must be whole non-discriminatory (Aylott, 2014, p.66). This includes wording of the advert for the role, and also the actual process of recruitment which must be entirely fair and transparent. This is another reason why headhunters and recruitment agencies can be beneficial, as they can dish up to ensure adherence to legislation and regulation in this area. It is also worth noting that there are changes in progress within the regulation in this area meaning that candidates shortlisted for more senior roles must border gender parity (Aylott, 2014, p.67). Hence, headhunters can be helpful for drawing up shortlists precedent to the next stage of recruitment. Having drawn up a shortlist of potential candidates, either internally or externally, the next step in the process is to narrow down this shortlist. There are a number of possible sum of doing this which can include interviews, psychometric testing and assessment centres (Breaugh, 2013, p.395). As might be imagined, each of these approaches has advantages and disadvantages, and it is also not uncommon to utilise these techniques in combination. The decision as to which type of recruitment method to adopt depends on the nature of the job role and the potential risks associated with the job function (Hall et al., 2013, p.358). In any event, it is utterly imperative to ensure that there is complete fairness and transparence in the recruitment and selection process, not lonesome(prenominal) because of the need to adhere to legislation and regulation, but also to ensure that each candidate has a fair experience. This is because this has implications for long-term recruitment and selection of high calibre candidates (CIPD, 2013, p.1). Guion (2011, p.9) explains that interviews remain as one of the most common forms of assessment when determining whether a candidate would be suitable for a job function. The length and intensity of the interview depends on the nature of the job function. As alluded to above, it is commonly the case that recruitment and selection is the responsibility of the HR department, although it is often the case that functional department heads are involved in the process to assess the technical competence and capability of the candidate. In any event the potential candidates should be assessed against the job description and person specification (as described above) and during the score of the interview it is sensible to take notes so that at a later stage the shortlisted candidates can be compared to one another (Chapman and Webster, 2003, p.117). For some more senior roles it may be the case that more than one interview is conducted with different members of the organisation. Kline (2013, p.25) acknowledges that although intervie ws are very popular, there can be concerns with unintended preference, a apprehension known as the golden halo effect. This occurs when the interviewers subconsciously prefer candidates who they considered would be a good cultural fit. This is why it is important to have complete transparency in the interview process. Psychometric testing and aptitude testing are also extremely popular techniques for assessing potential candidates during the selection process. Suff (2012, p.9) explains that aptitude testing is an assessment of the numerical, verbal, and general logical reasoning capability of an individual. Psychometric testing is more intensive and includes an assessment of personality traits. Psychometric testing is not an exact science, but over time a large body of empirical data has been gathered which helps to increase the reliability of such testing. Generally speaking psychometric tests are a useful indicator of underlying personality traits, and can be a good means of an organisation assessing whether an individual candidate would be a good fit for the business. Cushway (2014, p.26) explains that psychometric tests can be useful if an organisation is looking to recruit an individual with particular personality traits in order to help generate a cross functional team. In contrast, Suff (2012, p.10) suggests that psychometric testing is more valuable as a supporting indicator, along with other selection techniques such as interviews and assessment centres. Assessment centres are the most intensive form of employee selection. They typically comprise a number of small tests and presentations to simulate the likely working conditions and to assess how an individual performs under pressure and how they work in teams (Armstrong and Taylor, 2014, p.232). During the course of an assessment centre it is likely that the candidate will have to gift a presentation, solve a problem with imperfect information (to simulate real-life), and also work in a team envi ronment. Assessment centres are highly resource intensive but are considered to give the most accurate picture of how a candidate would be likely to perform if they were recruited to the organisation. The costs of speed an assessment centre are high, so in the main they are reserved for more senior job functions, or for graduate recruitment schemes. They are also more commonly used by larger organisations that have the resources to hold in a talent management pipeline (McClean and Collins, 2011, p352). Stahl et al., (2012, p.35) believe that assessment centres can be somewhat artificial as all the candidates are aware that they are in competition for a defined number of job roles, and this may encourage them to distort their behaviour. Stahl et al., (2012, p.35) also believe that there is a greater risk of the golden halo effect during assessment centres as the assessors get to know candidates throughout the duration of the assessment centre. It is necessary to mention that refer ences from previous employers or other respected individuals can play a small part in the recruitment and selection process. However, such is the nature of legislation relating to references, many organisations simply use them to verify that a candidate has been previously employed and that they do not have a tendency to high levels of sickness absence or any other obvious undesirable tendency, for example an extensive disciplinary disgrace (Torrington et al., 2011, p.182). As references must be entirely factual, personal observations of the previous employers are generally not found in references in the UK. Some organisations may also wish for shortlisted candidates to undertake medical checks. This is likely to be more common in job functions where there is either a particular medical need for high levels of health and fitness because the job is particularly strenuous, or because the organisation has a long-term commitment to employee health and well-being. In either event organi sations are only likely to take up references and ask for medical checks for candidates whom they believe they will offer the job post (Torrington et al., 2011, p.183). Once the organisation has decided who they will recruit, it is necessary to draw up a contract of employment, and to send a formal offer letter to the preferred candidate, setting out the terms and conditions of employment. Aylott (2014 p.112) observes that it is affect how many organisations do not maintain good record-keeping in this regard, and it is imperative that if the candidate accepts the role they return a signed copy of the contract and terms and conditions. It is also good practice for an organisation to formally write to the unsuccessful candidates and briefly explain why they were not recruited for the post (CIPD, 2013, p.1). This helps to improve the overall candidate experience thus supporting the reputation of the organisation and wider marketplace. If job requirements change in the future, maintai ning a good relationship with potential candidates makes it is much easier to offer them a job role in the future (Klotz et al, 2013, p.110). Finally, Aylott (2014, p.32) explains that under UK legislation, unsuccessful candidates may exercise the right to challenge why they were not recruited for the role. This is why it is important to maintain scrupulous records throughout the recruitment and selection process and demonstrate complete fairness and transparency. As it may be some time between borrowing of the job post and the candidate starting in the role, then this is a good opportunity for the organisation to prepare the new employees induction in advance. It is also best practice for an organisation to allow access to the employee handbook when recruiting an employee. A good induction is one where the new employees has the opportunity to meet their colleagues and receive rudimentary training in aspects such as health and safety and organisational systems (Covert, 2011, p.9) . This is entirely pragmatic as it is an opportunity for existing employees to meet their new colleague, and also to ensure that the new employee has a thorough grounding in the organisation so that they become rapidly embedded and are able to make a departure as soon as possible. This is often an issue for organisations as it can take time for new employees to become familiar with organisational culture. Therefore an induction is a good way of starting this process. Finally, the majority of new employees are likely to be operating under a probationary period in the first few months of employment. There are legal implications to this, meaning that it is important for an organisation to clearly set out their expectations for the new employee, and also to offer the employee as much help and support as possible in the early days of their employment (Cushway, 2014, p.34). It is in no partys interest for there to be a high turnover of staff. Not only because the recruitment and selecti on process is extremely costly and resource intensive, but also because it is also disruptive to an organisation and long-standing employees. Hence, it is preferable to invest the necessary level of resource, time and effort in recruiting the right employee in the first instance. Recommendations To summarise, the first steps in effective recruitment and selection are to establish the requirements of the job role, and also the preferred attributes of the individual who will eventually fulfil this role. It is important at this early stage to be as precise and as comprehensive as possible, and also to be aware of the need for transparency in the process. This is because the description and person specification not only form the foundation of the job advert, but also they become the benchmark against which potential candidates are assessed, and successful employees are measured (Guion, 2011, p.240). Although resource intensive, it is worthwhile to eliminate time and effort refining the job description and person specification. Once the shortlist of candidates has been prepared, either from internal or external sources, it is necessary to assess all potential candidates to determine their suitability for the role (Phillips and Gully, 2009, p.17). There are several alternative means of achieving this including interviews, testing and assessment centres. As elucidated above, there are advantages and disadvantages to all of these methods, and this is why it is often the case that more than one technique is used. It is important to reiterate the importance of transparency and fairness throughout the entire selection process. Having selected a suitable candidate the organisation should then formally write to the employee enclosing the employment contract and terms and conditions of employment (Aylott, 2014, p112). An organisation may also wish to take up references and ask the candidate to have a medical assessment. It is best practice to formally communicate non-sel ection to unsuccessful candidates, as this is not only helpful for maintaining organisational reputation, it may have future practical benefit. Throughout the entire process of recruitment and selection scrupulous record-keeping is strongly recommended. Once a candidate has accepted a position of employment, it is then good practice to offer an induction period. This helps the new employee to settle in, and helps to increase productivity and reduce employee turnover. Conclusions This essay has set out the current recommended best practice in respect of recruitment and selection. It has illustrated the complexity and resource intensive nature of the process, and also emphasised the importance of prior planning and preparation to ensure that the most suitable candidates are shortlisted for the role, and that they have the necessary skills and attributes. As has been discussed throughout the essay, there are a number of alternative methods for actually selecting a candidate for the job role, and the determination of which of these methods is used relies on the specifics of the job itself and also the long-term HR and human capital requirements of the organisation. In an sample scenario, the recruitment and selection process is cross-functional in nature, involving both HR and department heads, and is also linked to the long-term strategic requirements of the business. Throughout the entire process it is imperative to maintain fairness and transparency, and to focus on recruiting the best possible candidate in order to reduce the possibility of subsequent employee turnover. References Armstrong, M., and Taylor, S., (2014) Armstrongs handbook of human resource management practice. (13th Ed) London Kogan Page Publishers. Aylott, E., (2014) Employment law HR fundamentals. London Kogan page. Breaugh, J. A., (2013) Employee recruitment. Annual review of psychology, 64(4), 389-416. Chapman, D. S., and Webster, J., (2003) The use of technologies in the recruiting, sc reening, and selection processes for job candidates, International ledger of Selection and Assessment, 11(2/3), 113-120. CIPD (2013) Recruitment factsheet online available at http//www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/recruitment-overview.aspx retrieved 3rd Oct 2014. Covert, S. P., (2011) Creating a Web-Based Employee Orientation and Induction Program. School Business Affairs, 77(1), 8-10. Cushway, B., (2014) The employers handbook 2014-15 An essential guide to employment law, personnel office policies and procedures. London Kogan Page Publishers. Girard, A., and Fallery, B., (2009) E-recruitment new practices, new issues. An exploratory study. In Boudarouk, T., and Ruel, H., (Ed.) Human resource information systems. London Emerald Group Publishing. Guion, R. M., (2011) Assessment, measurement, and prediction for personnel decisions. London Taylor and Francis. Hall, D., Pilbeam, S., and Corbridge, M., (2013) modern themes in strategic people management a case-based ap proach. London Palgrave Macmillan. Kline, R., (2013) The bias that lives on Discrimination in recruitment persists in the NHS, and it is long past time to tackle it, says Roger Kline. Nursing Standard, 27(41), 24-25. Klotz, A. C., Motta Veiga, S. P., Buckley, M. R., and Gavin, M. B., (2013) The role of trustworthiness in recruitment and selection A review and guide for future research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 34(S1), 104-119. Lievens, F., and Sackett, P. R., (2012) The validity of social skills assessment via situational judgment tests for predicting academic success and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(2), 460-468. McClean, E., and Collins, C. J., (2011) Highcommitment HR practices, employee effort, and firm performance Investigating the effects of HR practices across employee groups within professional services firms. Human Resource Management, 50(3), 341-363. Phillips, S., and Gully, C., (2009) Strategic staffing New Jersey Pearson Education. Rivera, L. A., (2012a) Hiring as cultural matching the case of elite professional service firms. American Sociological Review, 77(6), 999-1022. Rivera, L. A., (2012b) Diversity within Reach Recruitment versus Hiring in Elite Firms. The Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science, 639(1), 71-90. Stahl, G., Bjrkman, I., Farndale, E., Morris, S. S., Paauwe, J., Stiles, P., and Wright, P., (2012) Six principles of effective globular talent management. Sloan Management Review, 53(2), 25-42. Suff, R., (2012) Employers use of psychometric testing in selection 2012 XpertHR survey. IRS Employment Review. (Sep), 9-10. Torrington, D., Hall, L., Taylor, S., and Atkinson, C., (2011) Human resource management. (8th Ed) London FT/Prentice Hall. Wilton, N., (2013) An introduction to human resource management (2nd Ed) London SAGE Publications Ltd.

Solar System Essay -- essays research papers

The Solar SystemByDelete this text and type your name here.IntroductionAs far as we know, there be nine planets locked in orbit around the Sun. Only one, our own Earth, supports life. But there are countless other suns throughout countless galaxies scattered crossways the expanse of the universe. We still dont know if life exists on another planet in some other galaxy. hectogramNamed for the wing-footed messenger of the papistic gods, Mercury races around its orbit at a dizzying speed of 30 miles (48 kilometers) per second, making the Mercurial year only 88 Earth days long. In contrast, one rotation around its axisor a single daytakes almost 59 Earth days.GeologyMariner 10 gave us a wealth of information around Mercury when it approached the planet in 1974 and 1975. Because Mercury has no water and barely any atmosphere, no erosion has taken sit on its surface. We see Mercury much the way it was soon after it formed. CoreWe learned that Mercury has an extremely weak magnetic fi eld, which could indicate a hot met on the wholeic core, such as molten iron. Geologists think Mercury may be the most iron-rich planet in the solar system. CrustMercurys crust seems to be silicate, like that of Earth.CratersThe planets surface, viewed for the first time via Mariners cameras, is covered by craters. The battering occurred during the early flowing of the solar system when clumps of material were ramming into each other to form the planets. AtmosphereMercury doesnt have what we think of as an atmospherethat is, a gasified envelope that produces clouds and weather or protects the surface of the planet from some of the harmful solar radiation. The weak magnetic field on Mercury captures only the barest sensible trace of charged particles from the Sun. VenusShrouded in the cloak of mystery, Venus, our nearest planetary neighbor, takes the name of the Roman goddess of love. For some unknown reason, Venus rotates on its axis in retrogradethat is, in the reverse direction of its revolution around the Sun.GeologyGeologically, Venus appears to have some similarities to Earth. Its crust is probably granitic, overlying a basaltic pall and a iron-nickel core. The geologic activity that we are familiar with on Earth seems not to exist on Venus, except for the presence two volcanoes along a fault line.... ...p17Uranus19.1884 years16 hours14.544.1015Neptunegod of the deep blue sea30.06165 years18 hours17.233.888netherworldgod of the underworld39.44248 years6.4 days.002?0.12-0.301* AU = Astronomical Unit (Earth = 1)ConclusionWe know more and more all the time about our own solar system. During the past 15 years, space probes such as the Mariner and Voyager missions have given us tremendous detail about all the planets in this system. Tiny by comparison to the Milky Way, our solar system is awesome, nevertheless, when considered in human scale.

Comparing Dual-Self Characters in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and A Study in Scarlet and Sign of Four :: comparison compare contrast essays

Dual-Self Characters in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and A Study in Scarlet and Sign of Four The character, Jekyll/Hyde, from The Strange sheath of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, written by Robert Lewis Stevenson, and the characters Bartholomew and Thaddeus Sholto from A Study in Scarlet and Sign of Four, written by Sir Arthur Canon Doyle, exhibit dual-self characteristics. The Jekyll/Hyde and Sholto twin characters have valet de chambrey potent similarities as well as distinct but related differences. Interestingly, many of the areas of differences are ultimately the most vital aspects of the characters. The premise of the dual self sort of probably has its roots in the waking field of science and the publication of Charles Darwins Origin of the Species. There was an upsurge in discoveries that made people of this time-period realize that there was a great deal they didnt know or understand. Also adding to this anxiety was the prevalence of disease, an aging Monarchy, and the shifting hie rarchy among the classes. Changes in society and the fears that plague a society eventually find their way into literature, as witnessed in both of these texts. When Mr. Utterson and Dr. Jekyll are first together in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Stevenson describes Dr. Jekyll as, -a large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty, with something of a slyish cast, perhaps, but every mark of capacity and kindness-- (12). We are also told that Dr. Jekyll has a turn overome face (13). Through the text, we learn that Dr. Jekyll was a hardworking, likable gentlemans gentleman with a deep interest in science. Unfortunately, Dr. Jekyll had a strong desire to perfect himself by splitting his good qualities from his bad by separating himself into two straighten out identities It was on the moral side, and in my own person, that I learned to recognize the thorough and primitive duality of man I saw that, of the two natures that contended in the field of my consciousness, even i f I could rightly be said to be either, it was only because I was radically both . . . If each, I told myself, could be but housed in separate identities, life would be relieved of all that was unbearable the unjust might go his way, delivered from the aspirations and remorse of his more upright twin and the just could go steadfastly and securely on his upward path, doing the good things in which he found his pleasure, and no longer exposed to disgrace and penitence by the hands of this extraneous evil.